HIST-1301 Chapter 2 Recall and Reflect questions

 

1Compare patterns of colonization between the Spanish and the English . What similarities do you see ? What differences ?

Spain and the Enlish have many similarities. They are both maritime countries; they are both monarchies, and they exercise monarchy internally; they respect Catholicism, and they pursue "merchantism" in colonial expansion.

Spain, who came to the North American continent as a conqueror, is also reflected in their land management methods. Initially, the Spanish colonists were militarized. Stronghold (later town). Once the stronghold or town is built, the king will allocate the surrounding land to the general of the army as a reward. Get more land than infantry.

English adopted the method of "indirect rule", trying to make the colony become independent politically and economically. In areas designated as colonies under the direct jurisdiction of the British Emperor, the original administrative institutions such as tribes and villages were also retained, and local people were appointed as secondary local officials. The local language and culture are also preserved and taught. Compared with the Spanish rule, the English rule is undoubtedly more conducive to maintaining control of the colony for a long time and making it willing to maintain political and economic ties with English after independence.

2 How did the institution of slavery differ between Virginia and the Caribbean

Virginia is the main tobacco producing area in North America and slavery in American plantations. At the beginning of the founding of the country, Virginia was also the largest slave state in the United States. Slavery in the Caribbean was used in exchange for slaves; live goods (referring to slaves) were transported from Africa to the Caribbean, and from there, goods produced by black laborers were shipped back to the United Kingdom-the huge profits generated were reinvested Expand reproduction. The entire trade process formed the Caribbean trade.

The idea of freedom and slavery simultaneously emerged in the Virginia colony. At the beginning of the establishment of the Virginia colony, there was a shortage of labor. The colony mainly solved this problem through contract servants. Beginning in the mid-17th century, due to the low ebb of the tobacco trade, the average life expectancy of colonial residents increased significantly, resulting in a large number of free citizens in Virginia. , Became the "instability factor" of the colony. The entry of slavery plantation to solve one of the problems in the development of the Virginia colony.

The new world colonies created other economic needs. The Native Americans on which these colonies depended in the past died in large numbers from diseases brought by Europeans, so they sought labor from Africa. The Gold Coast of West Africa became a substantial slave coast. By the early seventeenth century, about 400,000 Africans were transported to the New World as slaves. Most are shipped to the Caribbean.

3. What accounts for these differences ? 3. How did the relationships between European settlers and Indians along the Atlantic seaboard differ from those found in the interior regions near and around what we now call the Great Lakes

The relationships between European settlers and Indians along the Atlantic seaboard initial peaceful, and the transactions between them are voluntary. The original North American immigrants were mainly farmers who lost their land, workers who had a hard life, and Puritans who were persecuted by religion. Although the Indians lived on the American continent for generations, they did not own the land here because their primitive communal life did not have the reality and concept of private property. So Europeans bought land from Indians, regardless of the price, it was a fair deal. European immigrants forced the Indians into desperation. To survive, the Indians were forced to threaten their homeland through violent Europeans. However, the balance of power between the two sides is very different, and the Indians have failed time and time again. The result of each struggle is only a more serious disaster and loss of more land, which almost leads to genocide.

European settlers reset the Great Lakes region, and the Indian tribes in the previous area organized and established a big alliance. No Indian tribe has the right to sell land to white people. The place where this countermeasure took place led to a conflict .

4 How did the Glorious Revolution in England affect England's North American colonies ?

The Glorious Revolution changed North America.

The British government was determined to rectify the North American colonies and promulgated the "Navigation Regulations" to control the colonial industry and trade. At the end of the restoration of the Stuart dynasty, the British government planned to include the colonies under the British administrative system. In 1684, the United Kingdom revoked the charter of the Massachusetts Gulf Company, and at the same time established three large governments in the north, middle and south of North America in order to implement more effective direct rule. In 1686, Britain established the first big government-the "New England Territory", encompassing the northern colonies and abolishing the local council.

Oglethorpe bought a large area of ​​land from the local Indians, built a fortress to prevent Spanish attacks, and sought their help with the Indians, and brought the Indian leaders to London to introduce them to the King of England. Changing the impression of Indians inherent in the minds of the British has intensified the contradiction between Britain and Spain. The Spaniards thought this was its colony and the two sides warned. This war was fought for nine years, and the main battlefield was in North America. Oglesso united with the local Indians and eventually defeated the Spaniards.